Ngā Kupumatua o te tuhinga:PAM, Polyacrylamide, APAM, CPAM, NPAM, PAM Anionic, PAM Cationic, PAM Kore-ionic
Polyacrylamide (PAM) , he matū matua i roto i te maimoatanga wai, te tango hinu me te hau, me te tukatuka kohuke, kua kite i te atawhai taiao me te pumau o tana tukanga whakaputa hei whakaaro matua mā ngā kaihoko o te ao. Ko Yixing Cleanwater Chems, me ngā tau o te wheako i roto i te umanga PAM, e arotahi ana ki ngā hangarau whakaputa matomato hei waihanga i tētahi pūnaha hua "iti-waro, iti-te kai, kounga teitei". He tino rite tēnei pūnaha ki ngā hiahia whakapai ake o te Middle East, te United States, Ahitereiria, me Hapani, e whakarato ana i ngā otinga maimoatanga waipara PAM e pai ana ki te taiao ki ngā kiritaki o te ao.
I roto i ngā marama e toru kua pahure ake nei, kua whakaatuhia e te tono hoko PAM i roto i ngā mākete matua e whā he āhuatanga "aroaro ki te matomato". Ko te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga taiao me ngā kaha whakaputa pumau kua noho hei tohu matua mō te whiriwhiri kaiwhakarato, ā, kua kaha ake te kitea o ngā rerekētanga ā-rohe o te tono:
Mākete o te Rawhiti o Waenganui: Ko te tūhuratanga hinu me te hau me te maimoatanga wai e akiaki ana i te pikinga o te hiahia mō ngā PAM e pai ana ki te taiao
Kua piki ake te hoko PAM i te Middle East mā te 8% ia marama i roto i ngā marama e toru kua pahure ake nei, nā ngā āhuatanga matua e rua i akiaki: Tuatahi, ko te whakaoranga o te hinu shale me ngā mahi tūhuratanga o ngā mara hinu moana hohonu i pupuri i te tere tipu ā-tau o te tono mō ngā PAM ātete tote me te ātete pāmahana e pai ana ki te taiao ki te 5%; tuarua, ko te pikinga o te korenga o te wai kua tere ake te whakatinanatanga o ngā kaupapa whakamahi anō i ngā wai para o te tāone, ā, ka waiho ngā hua PAM iti-toenga, ka taea te hangarua hei wāhi hokohoko. E whakaatu ana ngā ia o ngā hoko ko ngā kamupene hinu ā-rohe me ngā umanga maimoatanga wai e pai ake ana ki ngā kaiwhakarato me te tiwhikete taiao ISO, ā, kua noho ngā pūrongo whakaputa tauwhiro hei tuhinga whakahau mō te tuku tono.
Mākete o Amerika: Ko ngā Paerewa EPA Kaha Ake e Ārahi ana i te PAM Tauwhiro Pai ki ngā Hiahia Matua
Kua whakaatuhia e te mākete hoko PAM o Amerika i roto i ngā marama e toru kua pahure ake nei te ia o te "whakapai ake i te kounga me te whakanui ake i te tiaki taiao," me te maimoatanga wai e 62% o te rahinga hoko me te pikinga o te tono tango hinu me te hau mā te 4% ia marama. Ko te whakakaha ake a te EPA i ngā here ki ngā toenga acrylamide kei te akiaki i ngā kaihoko ki te huri ki te PAM e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa EPA. I te wa ano, kei te whakauru ngā kamupene o Amerika i te ESG ki roto i ā rātou pūnaha aromatawai mekameka tuku, me te 40% o ngā kaihoko nui e tono ana i ngā kaiwhakarato kia whakarato i ngā pūrongo tapuwae waro; ka pā tika ngā āheinga whakaputa pumau ki te tika mō te mahi tahi.
Mākete o Ahitereiria: Nā te maina me te ahuwhenua i akiaki te hiahia nui mō ngā kawemai PAM matomato
Kua piki ake ngā kawemai PAM a Ahitereiria i roto i ngā marama e toru kua pahure ake nei mā te 7% ia marama, ā, neke atu i te 50% o ngā hoko ko te rāngai tukatuka kohuke, e whakaatu ana i te kaha o te tono mō ngā PAM hoa-taiao i hangaia mō te tukatuka kohuke. I te whānui haere o ngā kaupapa keri lithium me te rino, kāore ngā kaihoko e aro noa ki te whai huatanga o te PAM ki te taunga, engari e aro nui ana hoki ki tōna pānga ki te taiao—ko ngā hua pirau-koiora me te kore he parahanga tuarua ka nui ake te tūponotanga ki te whiwhi ota. I tua atu, ko te pikinga ake o ngā kaupapa whakapai oneone ahuwhenua kua akiaki hoki i te tipu o te tono mō ngā hua PAM iti-toenga, iti-waro-tukunga.
Mākete Hapani: Ko ngā Kaupapahere Hoko Kakariki Whakakaha ake e tautoko ana i te PAM Hoahoa Taiao Utu Nui
Kua mau tonu te tipu o te hoko PAM a Hapani i ngā marama e toru kua pahure ake nei, ā, neke atu i te 90% o ngā hoko ko ngā rauemi hoa taiao. Kei te piki haere tonu te urunga mai o ngā hua PAM e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa matomato ki ngā ahumahi maimoatanga wai me te pepa. E whakaatu ana ngā ia o ngā hoko ko te hiahia o te umanga pepa mō te PAM iti-te-kai e 45%, e whakamahia ana hei whakapai ake i ngā reiti hangarua pepa para me te whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao whakaputa; e pai ake ana te rāngai maimoatanga wai ki te PAM pai-te-kai taiao me te ihirangi monomer toenga iti iho i te 0.03%, ā, ko te whānui o te whakamahinga o ngā tūāpapa hoko matihiko ka taea te manatoko i ngā raraunga whakaputa pumau a ngā kaiwhakarato i te wā-tūturu.
Ko te arotahi a Yixing Cleanwater ko te "whakaiti waro, te penapena pūngao, me te whakapai ake i te kounga," me te hanga i tētahi pūnaha whakaputa pumau puta noa i te tukanga katoa. Ko ōna painga hangarau e tino rite ana ki ngā hiahia taiao o ngā mākete matua e whā:
Mana Whakahaere Kounga-Teitei: Taurangi Takirua mō te Tiaki Taiao me te Whai Huatanga
· Mā te hangarau whakapūhui monomer iti-toenga i whakawhanakehia motuhaketia, ka hua ake he hua he iti te toenga polyycrylamide (PAM), e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa o te ao pēnei i te EPA me te JIS Hapanihi, e whakarite ana i te whakamahinga haumaru me te kore he kino.
· Te Hanganga Whakarite mō ngā Hiahia o te Mākete Rerekē: Te whakawhanake i te PAM ātete tote me te ātete pāmahana mō te Middle East, te arotau i ngā reiti taunga mō te umanga keri o Ahitereiria, te whakarei ake i te mahi mō te umanga pepa Hapanihi, me te waihanga i ngā hua iti-paitini e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa EPA mō te mākete o Amerika. Te whakatutukitanga takirua o te pumau kounga me te tutuki i te taiao.
Tauira Ōhanga Porowhita: Te Whakatutuki i te Whakamahinga Rauemi Whai Hua
· I muri i te tukatuka hohonu, ka eke te wai para whakaputa ki te 85% te tere whakaora, ā, ka taea te whakamahi tika mō te whakakī anō i te whakaputanga, ka whakaiti i te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi wai māori; i muri i te tukatuka kino, ka eke te para totoka ki te 70% te tere whakamahinga rauemi, ka huri te para hei taonga. Ka whakawhanakehia e mātou ngā hua PAM pirau-koiora, me te whakamahi i te hangarau whakapiri polysaccharide taiao. Ka eke ā mātou hua ki te tere pirau-koiora neke atu i te 60% i roto i te taiao tūturu, e aro pai ana ki ngā raruraru taiao roa e pā ana ki te PAM tuku iho, ā, he tino hototahi ki ngā whakaritenga taiao i Hapani me te Hononga o Amerika.
Kōwhiria te Wai Ma o Yixing: He Ao Tūroa Tohatoha
E whakapau kaha ana mātou ki te whakaputa hua pumau, ki te whakahou tonu i te hangarau, me te whakahaere kounga tino pakari. I a mātou e hanga ana i te uara ōhanga mō ā mātou kiritaki o te ao, e mahi tahi ana hoki mātou ki te tiaki i te taiao taiao. Uiui mai inaianei kia whiwhi ai koe i ngā otinga hoko PAM kua whakaritea me ngā ratonga whakamātautau tauira kore utu.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi 12-2025