Ko te maimoatanga moroiti o te paru wai he whakauru i te maha o ngā momo moroiti whai hua ki roto i te paru wai, e whakatairanga ana i te hanganga tere o tētahi pūnaha rauropi taurite i roto i te wai, e kore nei e noho ko ngā kaipara, ngā kaihanga, me ngā kaihoko anake. Ka taea te tukatuka me te whakamahi i ngā poke kia pai ake te whai hua, ā, ka taea te hanga i ngā mekameka kai maha, ka hanga he pūnaha rauropi whatunga kai e whakawhiti ana. Ka taea te whakatū i tētahi pūnaha taurite rauropi pai me te pumau mēnā ka mau tonu te ōwehenga nui me te pūngao e tika ana i waenga i ngā taumata trophic. Ina uru mai tētahi nui o te paru wai ki tēnei pūnaha rauropi, kāore e pakaru noa ngā poke rauropi i roto, e purea ana hoki e ngā huakita me ngā harore, engari ko ngā hua whakamutunga o tā rātou pakaru, ko ētahi matū kore-rauropi, ka whakamahia hei pūtake waro, hei pūtake hauota me hei pūtake whākawa, ā, ka whakamahia te pūngao rā hei pūtake pūngao tuatahi. , ka whai wāhi ki te tukanga pākia o te tinana i roto i te whatunga kai, ka heke haere, ka huri haere mai i te taumata trophic iti ki te taumata trophic teitei, ā, ka huri hei hua wai, ika, kōura, kūtai, kākā, parera me ētahi atu hua ora matatau, ā, mā te mahi tonu a te tangata ki te mahi me te tāpiri i ngā mahi hei pupuri i te taurite whānui o te taiao o te wai, te whakanui ake i te ataahua me te āhua o te tirohanga wai, me te whakatutuki i te kaupapa o te aukati me te whakahaere i te whakamomona wai o te wai.
1. Te maimoatanga moroiti o te wai paraKo te nuinga o te wā ka tangohia ngā poke rauropi (BOD, COD) i roto i te āhua colloidal me te āhua rewa i roto i te paru, ā, ka taea e te tere tango te eke ki te neke atu i te 90%, kia taea ai e ngā poke rauropi te tutuki i te paerewa tukunga.
(1) Ko te BOD (te hiahia hāora matū koiora), arā, ko te "tono hāora matū koiora" me te "tono hāora koiora", he tohu ā-korekore e whakaatu ana i te nui o ngā mea rauropi i roto i te wai. Ko te tikanga, e pā ana ki tētahi wāhanga o ngā mea rauropi ngāwari te waikura kei roto i te 1 rita o te waipara, i te tauira wai rānei hei whakamātautau. Ina waikura, ina pirau hoki ngā moroiti, ka pau te hāora rewa i roto i te wai i roto i ngā mirikaramu (ko te waeine ko te mg/L). Ko ngā tikanga ine o te BOD e whakaritea ana i te 20 °C mō te 5 rā me te pō, nō reira ka whakamahia pinepinetia te tohu BOD5.
(2) Ko te COD (te hiahia hāora matū) he hiahia hāora matū, he tohu ā-kore noa iho tēnei mō te nui o ngā mea rauropi i roto i te wai. (ko te waeine ko te mg/L). Ko ngā matū whakahāora e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te K2Cr2O7, KMnO4 rānei. I roto i ēnei, ko te K2Cr2O7 te mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana, ā, ko te COD i inehia e tohuhia ana e te "COD Cr".
2. Maimoatanga moroiti Ka taea te wehewehe i te para ki te pūnaha maimoatanga ā-hauora me te pūnaha maimoatanga ā-waiora, e ai ki te āhua o te hāora i roto i te tukanga maimoatanga.
1. Pūnaha maimoatanga ā-hauora
I raro i ngā āhuatanga hauropi, ka mimiti ngā moroiti i ngā mea rauropi i roto i te taiao, ka waikura, ka wawahi hei mea kore-rauropi, ka purea te paru, ka hanga hoki i ngā mea pūtau i te wā kotahi. I roto i te tukanga purenga paru, kei roto ngā moroiti i te āhua o te paru whakahohe me ngā wāhanga matua o te kiriata koiora.
He tikanga maimoatanga koiora tēnei, ko te kiriata koiora te tinana matua o te purenga. Ko te kiriata koiora he kiriuhi mucous e piri ana ki te mata o te kawe, ā, ko te nuinga o te wā he micelles huakita. He rite tonu te mahi a te kiriata koiora ki te mahi a te paru whakahohe i roto i te tukanga paru whakahohe, ā, he rite anō hoki tōna hanganga moroiti. Ko te kaupapa matua o te purenga para wai ko te mimiti me te pirau waikura o ngā mea rauropi i roto i te para wai e te kiriata koiora e piri ana ki te mata o te kawe. E ai ki ngā tikanga whakapā rerekē i waenga i te reo me te wai, kei roto i te tikanga kiriata koiora te tikanga hurihuri koiora me te tikanga tātari koiora pourewa.
3. Pūnaha maimoatanga anaerobic
I raro i ngā āhuatanga kore paitini, ko te tikanga whakamahi i ngā huakita anaerobic (tae atu ki ngā huakita anaerobic facultative) hei wawahi i ngā poke waro i roto i te wai para ka kiia hoki ko te nakunaku anaerobic, ko te whakapūtanga anaerobic rānei. Nā te mea ka puta te methane i te hua whakapūtanga, ka kiia hoki ko te whakapūtanga methane. E kore e taea e tēnei tikanga te whakakore noa i te parahanga taiao, engari ka whakawhanake hoki i te pūngao koiora, nō reira ka aro nui te tangata. He pūnaha rauropi tino uaua te whakapūtanga anaerobic o te wai para, e uru ana ki ngā momo rōpū huakita tauutuutu, e hiahia ana ki ia momo matū me ngā āhuatanga rerekē, ka hanga he pūnaha rauropi matatini. E toru ngā wāhanga o te whakapūtanga methane: te wāhanga wairewa, te wāhanga hanga hauwai me te wāhanga hanga waikawa acetic me te wāhanga hanga methane.
Ka taea te wehewehe i te maimoatanga para ki te maimoatanga tuatahi, tuarua me te tuatoru, e ai ki te nui o te maimoatanga.
Te maimoatanga tuatahi: Ko te nuinga o te wā ka tangohia ngā poke totoka i roto i te waipara, ā, ko te nuinga o ngā tikanga maimoatanga ā-tinana ka taea anake te whakaoti i ngā whakaritenga o te maimoatanga tuatahi. I muri i te maimoatanga tuatahi o te waipara, ka taea te tango i te BOD mā te 30% pea, kāore e tutuki i te paerewa tukunga. Ko te maimoatanga tuatahi kei roto i te tukatuka o mua o te maimoatanga tuarua.
Ko te tukanga maimoatanga matua ko: ko te paru mata kua puta i roto i te whatunga matotoru ka tangohia e te papu hiki paru - ka tukuna mā roto i te whatunga, i te tātari rānei - kātahi ka tomo ki te rūma kirikiri - ko te paru kua wehea e te onepu me te wai ka tomo ki te tāke whakatō tuatahi, ko te mea i runga ake nei ko: Te tukatuka tuatahi (arā, te tukatuka ā-tinana). Ko te mahi a te rūma kirikiri he tango i ngā matūriki kore-waro me te taumaha motuhake nui. Ko ngā rūma kirikiri e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko ngā rūma kirikiri advection, ngā rūma kirikiri hau, ngā rūma kirikiri Dole me ngā rūma kirikiri momo-pere.
Maimoatanga Tuarua: Ko te nuinga o te wā ka tangohia e ia ngā poke koiora me ngā poke waro rewa (BOD, COD) i roto i te wai para, ā, ka taea e te tere tango te neke atu i te 90%, kia tutuki ai ngā poke waro i te paerewa tukunga.
Ko te tukanga maimoatanga tuarua ko: ko te wai e rere ana mai i te tāke whakapūpū tuatahi ka tomo ki ngā taputapu maimoatanga koiora, tae atu ki te tikanga paru whakahohe me te tikanga biofilm, (kei roto i te tauhohenga o te tikanga paru whakahohe te tāke hau, te awa whakapūpū, me ētahi atu. Kei roto i te tikanga biofilm te tāke tātari koiora, te tēpu hurihuri koiora, te tikanga whakapūpū whakapā koiora me te moenga wai koiora), ka tomo te wai e rere ana mai i ngā taputapu maimoatanga koiora ki te tāke whakapūpū tuarua, ā, ka tukuna te para mai i te tāke whakapūpū tuarua i muri i te patu huakita, ka tomo rānei ki te maimoatanga tuatoru.
Te maimoatanga tuatoru: ko te nuinga o te wā e pā ana ki ngā mea rauropi ātete, ngā mea rauropi wairewa pērā i te hauota me te whākōkī ka arahi pea
ki te whakamomona wai. Ko ngā tikanga e whakamahia ana ko te whakakorenga matū koiora me te tango i te whākawa, te whakatōtōtanga toto, te tikanga tere onepu, te tikanga mimiti waro whakahohe, te tikanga whakawhiti katote me te tikanga tātari electroosmosis.
Ko te tukanga maimoatanga tuatoru e whai ake nei: ka whakahokia tetahi wāhanga o te paru i roto i te tāke whakapūmau tuarua ki te tāke whakapūmau tuatahi, ki ngā taputapu maimoatanga koiora rānei, ā, ka uru tetahi wāhanga o te paru ki te tāke whakamātotoru paru, kātahi ka uru ki te tāke nakunaku paru. I muri i te whakamaroke me te whakamaroke i ngā taputapu, ka whakamahia te paru.
Ahakoa he kaihoko hou, he kaihoko tawhito rānei, e whakapono ana mātou ki te hoahoa motuhake o ngā huakita whakaiti haukini mō te maimoatanga wai i Haina, te whānui ake o te kaihoko huakita ā-hauora me te whanaungatanga pono, e mihi ana mātou ki ngā kiritaki hou me ngā kiritaki tawhito ki te whakapā mai ki a mātou mā te waea pūkoro, ki te tuku īmēra rānei ki te patai mai ki a mātou kia whakatūria he hononga pakihi roa me te angitu tahi.
Te Maimoatanga Matū Wai ParaKo te Hoahoa Motuhake mō ngā Huakita o Haina, he Kaihoko Maimoatanga Wai Huakita, he kaimahi mātau, auaha, hihiri hoki, kua riro i a mātou te kawenga mō ngā āhuatanga katoa o te rangahau, te hoahoa, te hanga, te hoko me te tohatoha. Mā te rangahau me te whakawhanake i ngā hangarau hou, ehara i te mea ka whai noa mātou i te umanga ahua engari ka ārahi hoki. Ka whakarongo pai mātou ki ngā urupare a ngā kiritaki, ā, ka whakarato whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tonu. Ka rongo tonu koe i tō mātou tohungatanga me te ratonga aro nui.
Wā tuku: Pipiri-11-2022