Kaiwhakarewa waie kiia ana ko te "rongoā ā-umanga", he whānuitia ngā whakamahinga. Hei huarahi whakapakari i te wehenga totoka-wai i roto i te mara o te maimoatanga wai, ka taea te whakamahi hei whakapakari i te maturuturunga tuatahi o te paru wai, te maimoatanga pōturi me te maturuturunga tuarua i muri i te tikanga paru whakahohe. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi mō te maimoatanga tuatoru, te maimoatanga matatau rānei o te paru wai. I roto i te maimoatanga wai, he maha ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te pānga totoka (te horopeta o ngā matū), he uaua ake ēnei āhuatanga, tae atu ki te pāmahana wai, te uara pH me te kawakore, te āhua me te kukū o ngā poke i roto i te wai, ngā tikanga tiaki wai o waho, me ētahi atu.
1. Te awe o te pāmahana wai
He pānga nui te pāmahana wai ki te whakamahinga o te rongoā, ā, he pānga iti te pāmahana wai i te takurua.
he nui ake te pānga ki te kai rongoā, ā, ka puhoi te hanganga o ngā putunga me ngā matūriki angiangi me ngā matūriki wetewete. Ko ngā take matua ko:
He tauhohenga wera te waikura o ngā matū whakakōkī tote kore-waro, ā, he uaua te waikura o ngā matū whakakōkī wai pāmahana iti.
He nui te matotoru o te wai pāmahana-iti, ka ngoikore ai te nekehanga Brownian o ngā matūriki poke i roto.
te wai, ā, ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te tukinga, kāore e pai mō te whakararuraru me te kohikohi o ngā kōrori, ā, ka pā ki te tipu o ngā ira.
Ina iti te pāmahana o te wai, ka nui ake te makuku o ngā matūriki kōrori, ka aukati i te piri o ngā matūriki kōrori, ā, ka pā hoki ki te kaha piri i waenga i ngā matūriki kōrori.
E pā ana te pāmahana o te wai ki te pH o te wai. Ina iti te pāmahana o te wai, ka piki ake te uara pH o te wai, ā, ka piki ake anō hoki te uara pH tino pai mō te whakapūmau. Nō reira, i te takurua i ngā rohe makariri, he uaua ki te whiwhi i te pānga whakapūmau pai ahakoa he nui te nui o te whakapūmau e tāpirihia ana.
2. pH me te Kawakore
Ko te uara pH he tohu mō te waikawa, te kawakore rānei o te wai, arā, he tohu mō te kukū o te H+ i roto i te wai. Ka pā tika te uara pH o te wai mata ki te tauhohenga waikura o te matū whakakōkī, arā, ina kei roto te uara pH o te wai mata i tētahi awhe, ka taea te whakamana i te pānga whakakōkī.
Ina tāpirihia te matū whakapūkara ki te wai, ka piki ake te kukū H+ i roto i te wai nā te waikura o te matū whakapūkara, ka heke te pH o te wai, ka ārai hoki i te waikura. Hei pupuri i te pH ki roto i te awhe tino pai, me nui ngā matū kawakore o te wai hei whakakore i te H+. Kei roto i te wai tūturu tētahi taumata kawakore (ko te tikanga he HCO3-), ka taea te whakakore i te H+ i puta i te wā o te waikura o te matū whakapūkara, ā, he pānga ārai kei runga i te pH. Ina kore e ranea te kawakore o te wai mata, ina nui rawa rānei te tāpiri o te matū whakapūkara, ka tino heke te pH o te wai, ka whakangaro i te pānga whakapūkara.
3. Te awe o te āhua me te kukū o ngā poke i roto i te wai
Ka pā te rahi o te matūriki me te kaha ki te utaina o te SS i roto i te wai ki te pānga o te whakapūmau. I te nuinga o te wā, he iti, he ōrite te whānui o te matūriki, ā, he ngoikore te pānga whakapūmau; he iti te kukū o te matūriki i roto i te wai, ā, he iti te tūponotanga o te tukinga o te matūriki, kāore e pai mō te whakapūmau; ina nui te pōuri, kia kore ai e pumau te kōroiti i roto i te wai, ka nui ake te whakamahinga matū e hiahiatia ana. Ina nui te nui o te mea waro kei roto i te wai, ka taea te mimiti e ngā matūriki uku, ka huri i ngā āhuatanga o te mata o ngā matūriki kōroiti taketake, ka pumau ake ngā matūriki kōroiti, ka tino pā ki te pānga whakapūmau. I tēnei wā, me tāpiri he waikura ki te wai hei whakangaro i te pānga o te mea waro, hei whakapai ake i te pānga whakapūmau.
Ka pāngia hoki te pānga o te totohu e ngā tote rewa i roto i te wai. Hei tauira, ina nui te nui o ngā iona konupūmā me te konupora i roto i te wai tūturu, ka āwhina i te totohu, engari ko te nui o te Cl- kāore e āwhina i te totohu. I te wā waipuke, ka uru te wai paru nui kei roto te nui o te humus ki roto i te tipu nā te horoinga o te wai ua, ā, ko te horopeta o mua i te whakapūkara me te whakapūkara e whakamahia whānuitia ana e ahu mai ana i tēnei.
4. Te awe o ngā āhuatanga tiaki wai o waho
Ko ngā āhuatanga matua mō te whakakotahitanga o ngā matūriki kōrori ko te whakakore i te pumau o ngā matūriki kōrori, me te hanga i ngā matūriki kōrori kua whakakorengia kia tukinga tetahi ki tetahi. Ko te mahi matua o te matū whakapūmau ko te whakakore i te pumau o ngā matūriki kōrori, ā, ko te whakaoho waipēhi o waho ko te whakarite kia taea e ngā matūriki kōrori te whakapā katoa ki te matū whakapūmau, kia tukinga ai ngā matūriki kōrori tetahi ki tetahi hei hanga i ngā putunga.
Kia tino pā ai ngā matūriki kōrori ki te wai whakakōkī, me tere, me ōrite hoki te horapa o te wai whakakōkī ki ngā wāhanga katoa o te wai i muri i te ringihanga o te wai whakakōkī ki roto i te wai, e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko te ranu tere, e hiahiatia ana i roto i te 10 ki te 30 hēkona, ā, kaua e neke atu i te 2 meneti te roa.
5. Te awe o te kawenga pānga wai
Ko te ru wai e pā ana ki te ru wai ā-wā, ā-kore rānei o te wai mata, ka tino rerekē. Ko te wai e whakamahia ana e ngā pūnaha wai o te tāone me te whakatikatika i te nui o te wai e rere ana i te taha whakarunga ka pā ki te wai e tomo ana ki te tipu, inā koa i te wā tino nui o te tuku wai i te raumati, ka tino rerekē te wai e tomo ana ki te tipu, ka hua ake he whakatikatika pinepine i te horopeta o ngā matū. Ā, ko te pānga wai i muri i te totohu kāore i te tino pai. He mea tika kia mōhio kāore tēnei huringa e piki haere ā-rārangi. Whai muri i tēnā, kia tūpato ki te tirotiro i te konumohe i roto i te tāke tauhohenga, kia kore ai e whakangaro i te pānga totoka nā te nui rawa o te horopeta.
6. Kaiwhakarewa waingā mahi penapena
Haunga ngā āhuatanga o runga ake nei, kei reira anō ētahi mahi hei whakaora i te rongoā, pērā i te whakanui ake i te maha o ngā whakaoho i roto i te puna wai, te whakaiti i te maturuturunga iho o ngā matūriki totoka o te rongoā, te whakau i te rongoā, me te whakaora i te whakamahinga o te rongoā.
Ki te hiahia te polyacrylamide ki te penapena i ngā utu i te whakamahinga, me whiriwhiri te tauira tika. Ko te kaupapa matua ko te whiriwhiri i te polyacrylamide me te pānga maimoatanga pai rawa atu, ko te mea utu nui ehara i te mea pai rawa atu, kaua hoki e ngana ki te hoko iti hei hua i te pānga maimoatanga waipara kino, engari kia piki ake te utu. Kōwhiria te kaihoko e kore e whakaiti noa i te nui o te makuku o te paru, engari ka whakaiti hoki i te horopeta o te kaihoko wae. Whakamātauria te flocculation ki ngā tauira rongoā kua whakaratohia, tīpakohia kia rua, kia toru rānei ngā momo rongoā me ngā pānga whakamātautau pai, kātahi ka mahi i ngā whakamātautau i runga i te mīhini hei tirotiro i te pānga paru whakamutunga me te whakatau i te momo rongoā whakamutunga.
Ko te Polyacrylamide he matūriki totoka te nuinga. Me whakarite kia waiho hei wairewa wai me te wairewatanga motuhake. Ko te kukū kei waenganui i te 0.1% me te 0.3%. Ki te kukū rawa, ki te angiangi rawa rānei, ka pā ki te hua, ka maumauria te rongoā, ka piki ake te utu, ā, ka whakarewahia te polymerization granular. Me ma te wai mō te mea (pēnei i te wai puna), kaua ki te wai para. He nui te wai i te pāmahana rūma, kāore e hiahiatia he whakamahana. Ina iti iho te pāmahana wai i te 5 °C, ka tino puhoi te whakarewatanga, ā, ka tere ake te tere whakarewatanga ina piki ake te pāmahana wai. Engari i runga ake i te 40 ℃ ka tere ake te pirau o te polymer, ā, ka pā ki te hua whakamahinga. I te nuinga o te wā, he pai te wai puna mō te whakarite i ngā wairewa polymer. Kāore e pai mō te whakarite i te waikawa kaha, te kawakore kaha, me te wai tote nui.
Kia aro ki te wā whakamaroke i te whakarite i te matū, kia taea ai te wairewa katoa i te matū ki te wai, kia kore ai e whakaemi, ki te kore ka waiho hei para, engari ka pā hoki ki te hua o te paru. Ka taea hoki te aukati i te kakahu tātari me te paipa, ka puta he para anō. Kia oti te hanga ki roto i te otinga, ka whakawhāitihia te wā rokiroki. I te nuinga o te wā, ina 0.1% te kukū o te otinga, kaua e neke atu i te kotahi wiki te otinga polymer kore-anionic, ā, kaua e neke atu i te kotahi rā te otinga polymer cationic.
I muri i te whakarite o te kaihoko, i te wā e horopeta ana, kia aro ki te huringa o te kounga paru me te pānga o te paru, ka whakatika i te horopeta o te kaihoko i te wā tika kia pai ake ai te ōwehenga horopeta.
Me rongoa te rongoā ki roto i tētahi whare putunga maroke, ā, me hiri te putea rongoā. I te whakamahinga, me whakamahi kia rite ki te nui e taea ana, me hiri hoki te rongoā kāore i whakamahia kia kore ai e makuku. I te whakarite i ngā rongoā, me tūpato kia kaua e nui rawa te whirihoranga, ā, ko ngā wai kua roa e rongoatia ana ka ngāwari te waikura, ā, kāore e taea te whakamahi.
Ngā taputapu e whakahaeretia pai ana, he kapa mahi moni motuhake, me ngā ratonga whai muri i te hoko pai ake; He whānau nui kotahi hoki mātou, ko te hunga e noho tahi ana me te whakahaere e whai uara ana ki te "whakakotahitanga, te whakatau, te manawanui" mō ngā Korero mōPolyacrylamideMaimoatanga Wai Nonionic Cationic Flocculamide Polyacrylamide, E mihi ana mātou ki ngā hoa o ngā momo āhua katoa o te ao ki te whai i te mahi tahi me te hanga i tētahi āpōpō kanapa ake, ataahua ake hoki.
Ngā utu mō te Maimoatanga Matū me te Wai Para o Haina, Me te kaha ake me te whiwhinga pono ake, kei konei mātou ki te mahi ki ā mātou kiritaki mā te whakarato i te kounga me te ratonga teitei rawa atu, ā, e mihi nui ana mātou ki tō tautoko. Ka whakapau kaha mātou ki te pupuri i tō mātou ingoa nui hei kaiwhakarato taonga pai rawa atu o te ao. Mena he pātai, he urupare rānei āu, me tuku maiwhakapā mai ki a mātounoa.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi-04-2022