Tukua ahau kia whakaatu atu i te SAP e tino hiahia ana koe i ēnei rā! Ko te Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP) he momo hou o te rauemi polymer mahi. He nui te mahi mimiti wai e mimiti ana i te wai e hia rau ki te hia mano ngā wā taumaha atu i a ia anō, ā, he tino pai te mahi pupuri wai. Kia mimitia te wai, kia pupuhi hei hydrogel, he uaua ki te wehewehe i te wai ahakoa he pēhanga. Nō reira, he whānuitia ōna whakamahinga i roto i ngā momo mara pērā i ngā hua akuaku whaiaro, te whakaputa ahumahi me te ahuwhenua, me te miihini ā-iwi.
Ko te kapia mimiti nui he momo macromolecules kei roto ngā rōpū hydrophilic me te hanganga whakawhiti-hono. I hangaia tuatahitia e Fanta me ētahi atu mā te hono i te māngaro ki te polyacrylonitrile, kātahi ka saponifying. E ai ki ngā rauemi mata, kei reira ngā raupapa māngaro (whakapiri, carboxymethylated, me ētahi atu), ngā raupapa cellulose (carboxymethylated, grafted, me ētahi atu), ngā raupapa polymer hangai (waikawa polyacrylic, waipiro polyvinyl, raupapa polyoxy Ethylene, me ētahi atu) i roto i ētahi wāhanga. Ki te whakatauritea ki te māngaro me te cellulose, he maha ngā painga o te kapia mimiti nui waikawa polyacrylic pēnei i te utu whakaputa iti, te tukanga māmā, te pai o te whakaputa, te kaha mimiti wai kaha, me te roa o te oranga o te hua. Kua noho hei wāhi rangahau matua i tēnei mara.
He aha te kaupapa matua o tēnei hua? I tēnei wā, e 80% o te hanga kapia mimiti nui o te ao e hanga ana i te waikawa polyacrylic. Ko te kapia mimiti nui he electrolyte polymer kei roto he rōpū hydrophilic me te hanganga hono-whiti. I mua i te mimiti i te wai, ka tata ngā mekameka polymer tetahi ki tetahi, ka honoa ngātahi, ka hono-whiti hei hanga i te hanganga whatunga, kia tutuki ai te herenga whānui. Ina pā ki te wai, ka uru ngā ngota wai ki roto i te kapia mā te mahi capillary me te horapa, ā, ka kaiotia ngā rōpū ionized i runga i te mekameka ki roto i te wai. Nā te pana hiko i waenga i ngā ionized kotahi i runga i te mekameka, ka totoro te mekameka polymer, ka pupuhi. Nā te hiahia o te kore hiko, kāore e taea e ngā ion counter te heke ki waho o te kapia, ā, ko te rerekētanga o te kukū ionized i waenga i te otinga i roto me waho o te kapia ka hanga he pēhanga osmotic whakamuri. I raro i te mahi a te pēhanga osmosis whakamuri, ka uru atu te wai ki roto i te kapia hei hanga i te hydrogel. I taua wā anō, ko te hanganga whatunga hono-whiti me te hononga hauwai o te kapia tonu ka whakawhāiti i te whānui mutunga kore o te gel. Ina he iti te tote kei roto i te wai, ka heke te pēhanga osmotic whakamuri, ā, i te wā kotahi, nā te pānga tiaki o te katote whakahē, ka mimiti te mekameka polymer, ka hua ake he hekenga nui o te kaha mimiti wai o te kapia. I te nuinga o te wā, ko te kaha mimiti wai o te kapia mimiti nui i roto i te otinga NaCl 0.9% he tata ki te 1/10 noa iho o te kaha mimiti wai o te wai whakakore iona. Ko te mimiti wai me te pupuri wai he āhuatanga e rua o te raruraru kotahi. I kōrerohia ēnei e Lin Runxiong me ētahi atu i roto i te thermodynamics. I raro i tētahi pāmahana me te pēhanga, ka taea e te kapia mimiti nui te mimiti wai, ā, ka uru te wai ki te kapia, ka whakaiti i te enthalpy kore utu o te pūnaha katoa tae noa ki te taurite. Mena ka puta te wai i te kapia, ka piki ake te enthalpy kore utu, kāore e pai mō te pumau o te pūnaha. E whakaatu ana te tātari wera rerekē e 50% o te wai i mimitihia e te kapia mimiti nui kei roto tonu i te whatunga tiēre i runga ake i te 150°C. Nō reira, ahakoa te pēhanga e pāngia ana i te pāmahana noa, e kore te wai e mawhiti i te kapia mimiti rawa, e whakatauhia ana e ngā āhuatanga pāmahana o te kapia mimiti rawa.
A te wā e whai ake nei, kōrerotia te kaupapa motuhake o SAP.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-08-2021