Tātaritanga Whānui o te Hangarau Wai Para Rongoā

Ko te nuinga o ngā wai para o te umanga rongoā ko te wai para hanga paturopi me te wai para hanga rongoā hangai. Ko te nuinga o ngā wāhanga o te wai para o te umanga rongoā ko: te wai para hanga paturopi, te wai para hanga rongoā hangai, te wai para hanga rongoā patent Hainamana, te wai horoi me te wai para horoi mai i ngā tukanga whakarite. Ko te wai para he mea hanga mai i te hanganga matatini, he nui te ihirangi rauropi, he nui te paitini, he hohonu te tae, he nui te tote, he iti rawa ngā āhuatanga matū koiora me te tukunga wā poto. He wai para ahumahi he uaua ki te rongoā. I te whanaketanga o te umanga rongoā o tōku whenua, kua piki haere te wai para rongoā hei tetahi o ngā pūtake parahanga nui.

1. Tikanga maimoatanga o te wai para rongoā

Ka taea te whakarāpopoto i ngā tikanga maimoatanga o te wai para rongoā: te maimoatanga matū ā-tinana, te maimoatanga matū, te maimoatanga matū koiora me te maimoatanga whakakotahitanga o ngā tikanga rerekē, he painga me ngā ngoikoretanga o ia tikanga maimoatanga.

Te maimoatanga ā-tinana me te matū

E ai ki ngā āhuatanga kounga wai o te wai para rongoā, me whakamahi te maimoatanga ā-tinana me te matū hei tukanga maimoatanga i mua, i muri rānei i te maimoatanga matū. Ko ngā tikanga maimoatanga ā-tinana me te matū e whakamahia ana i tēnei wā ko te whakapūmau, te whakapūngao hau, te mimiti, te tango haukini, te hikohiko, te whakawhiti katote me te wehenga kiriuhi.

te toto totoka

He tikanga maimoatanga wai tēnei e whakamahia whānuitia ana i te kāinga me tāwāhi. He whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i te maimoatanga i mua me muri i te maimoatanga o te wai para hauora, pērā i te konupūmā konupūmā me te konupūmā polyferric i roto i te wai para rongoā tuku iho Hainamana. Ko te kī ki te maimoatanga totoka whai hua ko te whiriwhiri tika me te tāpiri i ngā matū whakakoi me te mahi tino pai. I ngā tau tata nei, kua rerekē te ahunga whanaketanga o ngā matū whakakoi mai i ngā polymer ngota-iti ki ngā polymer ngota-tiketike, mai i te wāhanga-kotahi ki te mahi hiato [3]. I tukatukahia e Liu Minghua me ētahi atu [4] te COD, te SS me te tae o te wai para me te pH o te 6.5 me te horopeta flocculant o te 300 mg/L me te flocculant hiato F-1 tino whai hua. Ko ngā reiti tango he 69.7%, 96.4% me te 87.5%, ia.

te rere o te hau

Ko te whakapūtanga hau he maha ngā momo āhua pēnei i te whakapūtanga hau whakapūtanga hau, te whakapūtanga hau rewa, te whakapūtanga hau matū, me te whakapūtanga hau hikohiko. Ka whakamahia e te wheketere rongoā o Xinchang te taputapu whakapūtanga hau vortex CAF hei rongoā i mua i te wai para rongoā. Ko te tere tango COD toharite he tata ki te 25% me ngā matū e tika ana.

tikanga mimiti

Ko ngā mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te waro whakahohe, te waro whakahohe, te waikawa humic, te kapia mimiti, me ētahi atu. Ka whakamahia e te wheketere rongoā o Wuhan Jianmin te tukanga mimiti pungarehu waro – he tukanga maimoatanga koiora ā-hauora tuarua hei rongoā i te wai para. I whakaatuhia e ngā hua ko te tere tango COD o te maimoatanga i mua i te mimiti he 41.1%, ā, kua pai ake te ōwehenga BOD5/COD.

Wehenga kiriuhi

Kei roto i ngā hangarau membrane te osmosis whakamuri, te nanofiltration me ngā membrane muka hei whakaora i ngā rauemi whai hua me te whakaiti i ngā tukunga rauropi whānui. Ko ngā āhuatanga matua o tēnei hangarau ko ngā taputapu māmā, te whakahaere watea, te kore huringa āhua me te huringa matū, te pai o te tukatuka me te penapena pūngao. I whakamahia e Juanna me ētahi atu ngā membrane nanofiltration hei wehe i te wai para cinnamycin. I kitea kua whakaitihia te pānga aukati o te lincomycin ki ngā moroiti i roto i te wai para, ā, kua ora anō te cinnamycin.

te hikohiko

He pai ngā painga o tēnei tikanga, arā, he tino whai hua, he māmā te whakahaere me ērā atu mea, ā, he pai te pānga tango tae hiko. I whakahaerehia e Li Ying [8] te maimoatanga hiko i mua i te waikura riboflavin, ā, ko ngā tere tango o te COD, SS me te chroma i eke ki te 71%, 83% me te 67%, ia.

maimoatanga matū

Ina whakamahia ngā tikanga matū, ko te whakamahinga nui rawa o ētahi matū ka pāngia pea ngā wai. Nō reira, me mahi ngā rangahau whakamātautau e tika ana i mua i te hoahoa. Ko ngā tikanga matū ko te tikanga rino-waro, te tikanga redox matū (te matū Fenton, H2O2, O3), te hangarau waikura hohonu, me ētahi atu.

Tikanga waro rino

E whakaatu ana te mahi ahumahi mā te whakamahi i te Fe-C hei taahiraa maimoatanga i mua i te wai para rongoā ka taea te whakapai ake i te pirau o te wai para. Ka whakamahia e Lou Maoxing te maimoatanga whakakotahi rino-micro-electrolysis-anaerobic-aerobic-air flotation hei maimoatanga i te wai para o ngā takawaenga rongoā pēnei i te erythromycin me te ciprofloxacin. Ko te tere tango COD i muri i te maimoatanga ki te rino me te waro he 20%. %, ā, ko te wai para whakamutunga e tutuki ana i te paerewa tuatahi o te motu o te "Paerewa Tukunga Wai Para Whakauru" (GB8978-1996).

Te tukatuka matū a Fenton

Ko te whakakotahitanga o te tote rino me te H2O2 e kiia ana ko te matū a Fenton, ka taea te tango pai i ngā mea rauropi ātete kore e taea te tango e te hangarau maimoatanga waipara tuku iho. I te hohonu haere o te rangahau, i whakaurua te mārama ultraviolet (UV), te oxalate (C2O42-), me ētahi atu ki roto i te matū a Fenton, ā, i tino whakarei ake i te kaha waikura. Mā te whakamahi i te TiO2 hei whakakorikori me te rama mercury iti-pēhanga 9W hei pūtake mārama, i tukatukahia te waipara rongoā ki te matū a Fenton, ko te tere tango tae he 100%, ko te tere tango COD he 92.3%, ā, i heke te matū nitrobenzene mai i te 8.05mg/L. 0.41 mg/L.

Te waikura

Ka taea e te tikanga te whakapai ake i te pirau o te wai para, ā, he pai ake te tere tango i te COD. Hei tauira, e toru ngā wai para paturopi pērā i a Balcioglu i rongoatia mā te waikura ozone. I whakaatuhia e ngā hua kāore i te whakanui noa i te ōwehenga BOD5/COD te ozonation o te wai para, engari i neke atu i te 75% te tere tango COD.

Hangarau whakahāora

E mōhiotia ana hoki ko te hangarau whakahāngai matatau, e whakakotahi ana i ngā hua rangahau hou o te mārama hou, te hiko, te oro, te aukume, ngā rauemi me ētahi atu kaupapa rite, tae atu ki te whakahāngai hikohiko, te whakahāngai mākū, te whakahāngai wai tino nui, te whakahāngai whakaahua-whakaata me te whakahāngai ultrasonic. I roto i ēnei, ko ngā painga o te hangarau whakahāngai whakaahua-whakaata ultraviolet he mea hou, he tino whai hua, me te kore e whiriwhiri ki te wai para, ā, he tino pai mō te whakahāngai i ngā warowaihā kore-māku. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā tikanga maimoatanga pēnei i ngā hihi ultraviolet, te whakamahana, me te pēhanga, he tika ake te maimoatanga ultrasonic o ngā mea rauropi, ā, he iti ake ngā taputapu e hiahiatia ana. Hei momo maimoatanga hou, kua nui ake te aro. I whakamahia e Xiao Guangquan et al. [13] te tikanga whakapā koiora ultrasonic-aerobic hei maimoatanga i te wai para rongoā. I mahia te maimoatanga ultrasonic mō te 60 hēkona, ā, ko te mana he 200 w, ā, ko te reiti tango COD katoa o te wai para he 96%.

Te maimoatanga matū koiora

Ko te hangarau maimoatanga koiora-matū he hangarau maimoatanga waipara rongoā e whakamahia whānuitia ana, tae atu ki te tikanga koiora ā-hauora, te tikanga koiora ā-waiora, me te tikanga whakakotahi ā-hauora-ā-hauora.

Maimoatanga koiora ā-hauora

I te mea ko te nuinga o ngā wai para rongoā he wai para waro kukū-teitei, he mea tika kia whakaranua te otinga taketake i te wā e tukatukahia ana te koiora ā-hauora. Nō reira, he nui te hiko e pau ana, ka taea te tukatuka i te wai para mā te whakamahi i te matū koiora, ā, he uaua ki te tuku tika atu ki te paerewa i muri i te maimoatanga matū koiora. Nō reira, me whakamahi noa i te wai para. He iti noa ngā maimoatanga e wātea ana, ā, me tukatuka whānui. Ko ngā tikanga maimoatanga koiora ā-hauora e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te tikanga paru whakahohe, te tikanga whakapūngao poka hohonu, te tikanga pirau koiora adsorption (tikanga AB), te tikanga whakahāngai whakapā, te tikanga paru whakahohe puranga raupapatanga (tikanga SBR), te tikanga paru whakahohe hurihuri, me ētahi atu (tikanga CASS) me ētahi atu.

Tikanga whakapūngao hohonu

He pūnaha paru whakahohe tere te whakapūngao o te poka hohonu. He nui te tere whakamahinga hāora o tēnei tikanga, he iti te wāhi papa, he pai te pānga maimoatanga, he iti te haumi, he iti te utu whakahaere, kāore he puranga paru, ā, he iti ake te hanga paru. Hei tāpiri, he pai te pānga whakamahana, ā, kāore te maimoatanga e pāngia e ngā āhuatanga o te rangi, ka taea ai te whakarite i te pānga o te maimoatanga paru hotoke i ngā rohe raki. I muri i te tukatuka matū koiora o te wai para waro kukū teitei mai i te Northeast Pharmaceutical Factory mā te tāke whakapūngao o te poka hohonu, ka eke te tere tango COD ki te 92.7%. Ka kitea he tino teitei te whai huatanga o te tukatuka, he tino painga ki te tukatuka e whai ake nei. He mahi nui tā rātou.

Tikanga AB

Ko te tikanga AB he tikanga paru whakahohe tino-teitei. Ko te tere tango o te BOD5, COD, SS, phosphorus me te hauota haukini mā te tukanga AB he nui ake i te tukanga paru whakahohe tikanga. Ko ōna painga nui ko te kawenga teitei o te wāhanga A, te kaha o te kawenga ārai-oho, me te pānga ārai nui ki te uara pH me ngā matū paitini. He tino pai mō te rongoā i ngā paru me te kukū teitei me ngā huringa nui o te kounga me te rahinga o te wai. Ko te tikanga a Yang Junshi me ētahi atu e whakamahi ana i te tikanga koiora hydrolysis acidification-AB hei rongoā i ngā wai para antibiotic, he poto te rere o te tukanga, he penapena pūngao, ā, he iti ake te utu maimoatanga i te tikanga maimoatanga matū flocculation-koiora o ngā wai para rite.

te waikura whakapā koiora

Ka whakakotahihia e tēnei hangarau ngā painga o te tikanga paru whakahohe me te tikanga biofilm, ā, he painga anō hoki o te kawenga nui, te iti o te hanga paru, te ātete kaha ki te pānga, te whakahaere tukanga pumau me te whakahaere watea. He maha ngā kaupapa e whakamahi ana i te tikanga e rua ngā wāhanga, e whai ana ki te whakawhanaunga i ngā momo matua i ngā wāhanga rerekē, te whakamahi katoa i te pānga mahi tahi i waenga i ngā taupori moroiti rerekē, me te whakapai ake i ngā pānga matū koiora me te ātete ki te ru. I roto i te hangarau, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te nakunaku anaerobic me te waikawa hei taahiraa maimoatanga o mua, ā, ka whakamahia he tukanga waikura whakapā hei rongoā i te wai para rongoā. Ka whakamahia e te Harbin North Pharmaceutical Factory te tukanga waikura whakapā koiora e rua ngā wāhanga hei rongoā i te wai para rongoā. E whakaatu ana ngā hua o te mahi he pumau te pānga maimoatanga, ā, he tika te whakakotahitanga o te tukanga. I te pakeke haere o te hangarau tukanga, kua whānui ake hoki ngā mara tono.

Tikanga SBR

Ko ngā painga o te tikanga SBR he kaha te ātete ki te kawenga ru, he nui te mahi paru, he māmā te hanganga, kāore e hiahiatia he rerenga whakamuri, he ngāwari te mahi, he iti te tapuwae, he iti te haumi, he pumau te mahi, he tere tango papa teitei, me te tango pai i te denitrification me te phosphorus. . Ngā waipara rerekē. Ko ngā whakamātautau mō te maimoatanga o te waipara rongoā mā te tukanga SBR e whakaatu ana he nui te awe o te wā whakapūngao ki te pānga maimoatanga o te tukanga; ko te whakatakotoranga o ngā wāhanga anoxic, inā koa te hoahoa auau o te anaerobic me te aerobic, ka taea te whakapai ake i te pānga maimoatanga; ko te maimoatanga whakarei ake a te SBR o te PAC ka taea e te tukanga te whakapai ake i te pānga tango o te pūnaha. I ngā tau tata nei, kua tino pai ake te tukanga, ā, kua whakamahia whānuitia i roto i te maimoatanga o te waipara rongoā.

Maimoatanga Koiora Anaerobic

I tēnei wā, ko te maimoatanga o ngā wai para waro kukū-nui i te kāinga me tāwāhi e ahu mai ana i te tikanga anaerobic, engari he teitei tonu te COD para i muri i te maimoatanga me te tikanga anaerobic motuhake, ā, me whai i muri i te maimoatanga (pēnei i te maimoatanga koiora aerobic). I tēnei wā, me whakapakari tonu te Whakawhanake me te hoahoa i ngā tauhohenga anaerobic tino whai hua, me te rangahau hōhonu mō ngā āhuatanga whakahaere. Ko ngā tono tino angitu i roto i te maimoatanga wai para rongoā ko te Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed (UASB), te Anaerobic Composite Bed (UBF), te Anaerobic Baffle Reactor (ABR), te hydrolysis, me ētahi atu.

Ture UASB

Ko ngā painga o te tauhohenga UASB ko te tere o te nakunaku anaerobic, te hanganga māmā, te wā pupuri waipēhi poto, me te kore e hiahiatia he taputapu whakahoki paru motuhake. Ina whakamahia te UASB ki te maimoatanga o te kanamycin, te chlorine, te VC, te SD, te glucose me ētahi atu wai para rongoā, ko te ihirangi SS kāore i te tino teitei kia tino tika ai te tere tango COD i runga ake i te 85% ki te 90%. Ka taea e te tere tango COD o te raupapa UASB e rua ngā wāhanga te eke ki te neke atu i te 90%.

Tikanga UBF

Hokona Wenning me ētahi atu. I whakahaerehia he whakamātautau whakatairite ki te UASB me te UBF. E whakaatu ana ngā hua he pai ngā āhuatanga o te UBF, arā, he pai te whakawhiti papatipu me te wehewehe, he maha ngā momo koiora me ngā momo koiora, he pai te tukatuka, ā, he kaha te pumau o te mahi. Pūwhakaora koiora hāora.

Te waikura me te whakakawa

Ko te ingoa o te tāke waikura he Moenga Parapara Waikura-Whakarunga (HUSB) ā, he UASB whakarerekētia. Ki te whakatauritea ki te tāke anaerobic tukatuka-katoa, ko ngā painga o te tāke waikura e whai ake nei: kāore e hiahiatia he hiri, kāore e hiahiatia he whakaoho, kāore he wehewehe-wāhanga-toru, e whakaiti ana i ngā utu me te whakahaere i te tiaki; ka taea e ia te wawahi i ngā macromolecules me ngā matū waro kore-pirau i roto i te paru hei ngota iti. Mā te mea waro ngāwari-pirau ka whakapai ake i te wai mata pirau; he tere te tauhohenga, he iti te rahinga o te tāke, he iti te haumitanga whakapaipai hanga, ā, kua whakaitihia te rahinga o te paru. I ngā tau tata nei, kua whakamahia whānuitia te tukanga waikura-aerobic i roto i te maimoatanga o te wai para rongoā. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia e te wheketere biopharmaceutical te tukanga waikawa waikawa-rua-wāhanga-whakapā koiora hei maimoatanga i te wai para rongoā. He pumau te mahi, ā, he mea whakamiharo te pānga tango i ngā mea waro. Ko ngā reiti tango o te COD, BOD5 SS me te SS he 90.7%, 92.4% me te 87.6%, ia.

Te tukanga maimoatanga whakakotahi anaerobic-aerobic

I te mea kāore e taea e te maimoatanga ā-hauora, te maimoatanga ā-anaerobic rānei anake te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga, ka whakapai ake ngā tukanga whakakotahi pēnei i te anaerobic-aerobic, te maimoatanga waikawa-aerobic hydrolytic i te pirau koiora, te ātete pānga, te utu haumi me te pānga maimoatanga o te wai para. He whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i te mahi hangarau nā te mahi o te tikanga tukatuka kotahi. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia e te wheketere rongoā te tukanga anaerobic-aerobic hei maimoatanga i te wai para rongoā, ko te tere tango BOD5 he 98%, ko te tere tango COD he 95%, ā, he pumau te pānga maimoatanga. Ka whakamahia te tukanga hydrolysis-acidification-SBR moroiti-electrolysis-anaerobic hei maimoatanga i te wai para rongoā hanga matū. E whakaatu ana ngā hua he kaha te ātete pānga o te raupapa katoa o ngā tukanga ki ngā huringa o te kounga me te rahinga o te wai para, ā, ka taea e te tere tango COD te eke ki te 86% ki te 92%, he whiringa tukanga pai rawa atu mō te maimoatanga o te wai para rongoā. – Te Waikura Whakakorikori – Te Tukanga Waikura Whakapā. Ina tata ki te 12 000 mg/L te COD o te wai whakapūmau, he iti iho i te 300 mg/L te COD o te wai para; Ko te tere tango o te COD i roto i te wai para rongoā ātete-koiora e tukatukahia ana e te tikanga biofilm-SBR ka eke ki te 87.5% ~ 98.31%, he nui ake tēnei i te pānga maimoatanga kotahi-whakamahinga o te tikanga biofilm me te tikanga SBR.

Hei tāpiritanga, me te whanaketanga tonu o te hangarau membrane, kua hohonu haere te rangahau tono o te membrane bioreactor (MBR) i roto i te maimoatanga o te wai para rongoā. Ka whakakotahi te MBR i ngā āhuatanga o te hangarau wehenga membrane me te maimoatanga koiora, ā, he painga o te kawenga nui, te ātete kaha ki te pānga, te tapuwae iti, me te iti o te paru toenga. I whakamahia te tukanga bioreactor membrane anaerobic ki te maimoatanga i te wai para waikawa chloride takawaenga rongoā me te COD o te 25 000 mg/L. Kei runga ake i te 90% te tere tango COD o te pūnaha. Mō te wā tuatahi, i whakamahia te kaha o ngā huakita here ki te whakangaro i ngā mea rauropi motuhake. Ka whakamahia ngā bioreactor membrane tango hei maimoatanga i te wai para ahumahi kei roto te 3,4-dichloroaniline. E 2 hāora te HRT, i eke te tere tango ki te 99%, ā, i whiwhi i te pānga maimoatanga pai. Ahakoa te raruraru poke o te membrane, me te whanaketanga tonu o te hangarau membrane, ka nui ake te whakamahinga o te MBR i roto i te mara o te maimoatanga wai para rongoā.

2. Te tukanga maimoatanga me te whiriwhiri i te wai para rongoā

Nā ngā āhuatanga kounga wai o te wai para rongoā, kāore e taea e te nuinga o ngā wai para rongoā te tukatuka matū koiora anake, nō reira me whakahaere te maimoatanga mua e tika ana i mua i te maimoatanga matū koiora. I te nuinga o te wā, me whakatū he tāke whakahaere hei whakatika i te kounga wai me te uara pH, ā, me whakamahi te tikanga ā-tinana, matū rānei hei tukanga maimoatanga mua kia rite ki te āhuatanga tūturu hei whakaiti i te SS, te tote me te wāhanga o te COD i roto i te wai, hei whakaiti i ngā matū aukati koiora i roto i te wai para, me te whakapai ake i te pirau o te wai para. Hei whakahaere i te maimoatanga matū koiora o te wai para i muri mai.

Ka taea te tukatuka i te wai para kua tukatukahia i mua mā roto i ngā tukanga anaerobic me te aerobic, e ai ki ngā āhuatanga o te kounga o te wai. Mena he nui ngā whakaritenga mō te wai para, me haere tonu te tukanga maimoatanga aerobic i muri i te tukanga maimoatanga aerobic. Me whai whakaaro whānui te kōwhiringa o te tukanga motuhake ki ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te āhua o te wai para, te pānga o te maimoatanga o te tukanga, te haumi ki ngā hanganga, me te whakahaere me te tiaki kia taea ai te whakamahi i te hangarau me te whai hua. Ko te huarahi tukanga katoa he tukanga whakakotahi o te maimoatanga i mua-anaerobic-aerobic-(i muri i te maimoatanga). Ka whakamahia te tukanga whakakotahi o te hydrolysis adsorption-contact oxidation-filtration hei tukatuka i te wai para rongoā whānui kei roto te insulin horihori.

3. Te hangarua me te whakamahi i ngā matū whai hua i roto i ngā wai para rongoā

Whakatairanga i te whakaputanga ma i roto i te umanga rongoā, whakapai ake i te tere whakamahinga o ngā rauemi mata, te tere whakaora whānui o ngā hua takawaenga me ngā hua taha, me te whakaiti, te whakakore rānei i te parahanga i roto i te tukanga whakaputa mā te whakawhiti hangarau. Nā te motuhaketanga o ētahi tukanga whakaputa rongoā, he nui ngā rauemi hangarua kei roto i te wai para. Mō te maimoatanga o aua wai para rongoā, ko te taahiraa tuatahi ko te whakapakari i te whakaora rauemi me te whakamahinga whānui. Mō ngā wai para rongoā takawaenga me te ihirangi tote ammonia tae atu ki te 5% ki te 10%, ka whakamahia he kiriata horoi pumau mō te mimiti, te kukū me te tioata hei whakaora i te (NH4)2SO4 me te NH4NO3 me te wāhanga papatipu tata ki te 30%. Whakamahia hei tongi, hei whakamahi anō rānei. He mārama ngā painga ōhanga; ka whakamahia e te kamupene rongoā hangarau teitei te tikanga horoi hei whakaora i te wai para whakaputa me te ihirangi formaldehyde tino teitei. I muri i te whakaora i te hau formaldehyde, ka taea te hanga hei matū formalin, te tahu rānei hei pūtake wera poihau. Mā te whakaora i te formaldehyde, ka taea te whakamahi pumau i ngā rauemi, ā, ka taea te whakahoki mai i te utu haumi o te teihana maimoatanga i roto i te 4 ki te 5 tau, ka tutuki ai te whakakotahitanga o ngā painga taiao me ngā painga ōhanga. Heoi, he uaua te hanganga o te wai para rongoā whānui, he uaua ki te hangarua, he uaua te tukanga whakaora, ā, he nui te utu. Nō reira, ko te hangarau maimoatanga para para matatau me te whai hua te mea nui ki te whakaoti rapanga para.

4 Whakamutunga

He maha ngā pūrongo kua puta mō te maimoatanga o te wai para rongoā. Heoi, nā te kanorau o ngā rauemi mata me ngā tukanga i roto i te umanga rongoā, he rerekē te kounga o te wai para. Nō reira, kāore he tikanga maimoatanga pakari, kotahi hoki mō te wai para rongoā. Ko te huarahi tukatuka hei whiriwhiri, kei runga i te āhua o te wai para. E ai ki ngā āhuatanga o te wai para, ko te maimoatanga o mua me whakapai ake i te pirau o te wai para, i te tuatahi ka tangohia ngā poke, kātahi ka honoa ki te maimoatanga matū koiora. I tēnei wā, ko te whakawhanake i tētahi taputapu maimoatanga wai hiato whai hua me te whai hua he raruraru nui hei whakatau.

WheketereMatū HainaAnionic PAM Polyacrylamide Cationic Polymer Flocculant, Chitosan， Paura Chitosan， maimoatanga wai inu， kaihoko tango tae wai， dadmac， diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride， dicyandiamide， dcda， defoamer， antifoam， pac， poly aluminum chloride， polyaluminium， polyelectrolyte， pam， polyacrylamide, polydadmac, pdadmac, polyamine, Ehara i te mea ko te kounga teitei anake tā mātou e tuku ana ki ā mātou kaihoko, engari he mea nui ake ko tā mātou kaiwhakarato pai rawa atu me te utu hoko kaha.

Wheketere ODM Haina PAM, Anionic Polyacrylamide, HPAM, PHPA, Kei te mahi tā mātou kamupene i runga i te mātāpono whakahaere o te "pūmautanga, te mahi tahi i hangaia, te aro ki te tangata, te mahi tahi toa-toa". Ko tā mātou tumanako ka taea e mātou te whai hononga hoa ki ngā kaipakihi o te ao katoa.

I tangohia mai i Baidu.